![]() I can try to use the apt-get update command without it, but it will not work. In essence, it is a way to “elevate” your account to the root account for a single command.įor example, to install a program on Linux, you must have root or sudo permissions. ![]() By prefacing any command with the sudo command, it will run that command as the root user, provided you have permissions to do so, and can enter the correct password for the account. To use those permissions, a special command called sudo, short for “super user do,” is used. In practice, you’ll become very used to the process of using CTRL+ X, Y, ENTER to save and close a file in Nano.īy default, the Linux Terminal does not give you administrator, or “root” permissions, even though you may be using an administrator account. Press Y to save the changes, then ENTER to confirm the filename. If the file is unsaved, you will be asked to save your changes. It will ask you to confirm the filename before saving, and you can just press ENTER to accept the one presented. To save a file, you can use CTRL+ O to write it to the disk. So, ^O would mean CTRL+ O for the “Write Out” command. The carat ^ character represents the CTRL key. At the bottom you’ll see several commands you can use. Remember that Nano is a terminal program, so you cannot use the mouse to move the cursor, only the arrow keys on the keypad. Once there, you can enter your information. If it doesn’t exist, it’ll simply open a blank file. To edit a file, simply type nano followed by the name or path to the file to be edited. Also, on a Linux system with a GUI installed, you can use gedit to open the graphical editor as well. If you prefer to use vim, emacs, or another editor, you are encouraged to do so. To edit files using the Terminal, I recommend using the nano command, as it is generally regarded as the simplest text editor available by default on most Linux systems. whereis - find location of a command on the filesystemĪs we learned in PowerShell, the vertical pipe | character can be used to take the output of a command and use it as input to another command.touch - create a file (by “touching” its entry in the file tree) existing files are unchanged except for updating the last accessed timestamp.ls -al - show all file details and permissions.pwd - shows the present working directory.Let’s review some simple Linux terminal commands: You’ll also notice that the colors are disabled in the root terminal, but that can easily be changed in the Bash configuration file. A root terminal, such as one you can get by using the sudo su command, will have a pound or hash symbol # at the end of the prompt. That represents the fact that this terminal is not a root terminal, and doesn’t have root permissions by default. You can use the pwd command to see the full path.įinally, this prompt ends in a dollar sign $. ![]() In this case, it shows the tilde ~ symbol, which represents the users home folder. This becomes very important later, as you’ll be controlling several servers using a remote terminal program.įollowing the colon, you’ll see in blue the present working directory. This helps you keep track of which computer you are using, and which username you are currently logged in as. First, shown here in the green text, is the current username, followed by the at symbol, then the current computer name. Looking at the Bash terminal, there are a few bits of important information presented immediately in the command prompt, which is the text shown on the screen before the blinking cursor. For this course, I will use Bash since it is the default. There are many other shells available, so feel free to check them out and see if you find one you prefer. You’ll be accessing it very often throughout this class, so having quick access to the terminal is very helpful.īy default, Ubuntu uses Bash, the Bourne Again SHell, as the default shell in the terminal. I recommend adding it to the favorites panel by clicking and dragging the icon to the left side of the screen. To open the Terminal, click the Activities button and search for Terminal. One major design feature of Linux is that nearly every operation can be controlled via the command line, and in fact some operations can either only be performed or are much simpler to perform there. One of the most important features of the Linux operating system is the Terminal command line interface. The Linux Command Line - A Complete Introduction.The Ultimate A to Z List of Linux Commands.
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